American Lobster Facts

Some think of lobster as a bright red delicacy served up with a side of butter. The American lobster (often called the Maine lobster), while a popular seafood, is also a fascinating animal with a complex life. Lobsters have been described as aggressive, territorial, and cannibalistic, but you may be surprised to know theyve also been referred to as tender lovers. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is one of about 75 species of lobsters worldwide. The American lobster is a clawed lobster, versus the spiny, clawless lobster that is common in warmer waters. The American lobster is a well-known marine species and is easily recognizable from its two hefty claws down to its fan-like tail. Appearance: American lobsters are generally a reddish-brown or greenish color, although there are occasionally unusual colors, including blue, yellow, orange or even white. American lobsters can be up to 3 feet long and weigh up to 40 pounds. Lobsters have a hard carapace. The shell does not grow, so the only way the lobster can increase its size is by molting, a vulnerable time in which it hides, shrinks and withdraws from its shell, and then its new shell hardens over a couple months. One very noticeable feature of the lobster is its very strong tail, which it can use to propel itself backwards. Lobsters can be very aggressive animals, and fight with other lobsters for shelter, food and mates. Lobsters are highly territorial and establish a hierarchy of dominance within the community of lobsters that live around them. Classification: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda SuperClass: Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Family: Nephropidae Genus: Homarus Species: americanus American lobsters are in the phylum Arthropoda, which means they are related to insects, shrimp, crabs and barnacles. Arthropods have jointed appendages and a hard exoskeleton (outer shell). Feeding: Lobsters were once thought to be scavengers, but recent studies have revealed a preference for live prey, including fish, crustaceans and mollusks. Lobsters have two claws - a larger crusher claw, and a smaller ripper claw (also known as the cutter, pincher, or seizer claw). Males have larger claws than females of the same size. Reproduction and Life Cycle: Mating occurs after the female molts. Lobsters display a complex courtship/mating ritual, in which the female picks a male to mate with and approaches his cave-like shelter, where she produces a pheromone and wafts it in his direction. The male and female then engage in a boxing ritual, and the female enters the males den, where she eventually molts and they mate before the females new shell hardens. For detailed descriptions of a lobsters mating ritual, see the Lobster Conservancy or the Gulf of Maine Research Institute. The female carries 7,000-80,000 eggs under her abdomen for 9-11 months before larvae are hatched. The larvae have three planktonic stages during which they are found at the waters surface, and then they settle to the bottom where they remain for the rest of their lives. Lobsters reach adulthood after 5-8 years, but it takes about 6-7 years for a lobster to reach the edible size of 1 pound. It is thought that American lobsters can live for 50-100 years or more. Habitat and Distribution: The American lobster is found in the North Atlantic Ocean from Labrador, Canada, to North Carolina. Lobsters can be found both in coastal areas and offshore along the continental shelf. Some lobsters may migrate from offshore areas during the winter and spring to inshore areas during the summer and fall, while others are long-shore migrants, traveling up and down the coast. According to the University of New Hampshire, one of these migrants traveled 398 nautical miles (458 miles) over 3 1/2 years. Lobster In the Colonies: Some accounts, such as that in Mark Kurlanskys book say that early New Englanders did not want to eat lobsters, even though the waters were so rich in lobsters that they were literally crawling out of the sea and piling up inhospitably on the beaches. (p. 69) It was said that lobsters were considered a food fit only for poor. Evidently New Englanders eventually developed a taste for it. In addition to harvesting, lobsters are threatened by pollutants in the water, which can accumulate in their tissues. Lobsters in highly-populated coastal areas are also prone to shell rot or shell burn disease, which results in dark holes burned into the shell. Coastal areas are important nursery areas for young lobsters, and young lobsters could be affected as the coast is developed more heavily and population, pollution and sewage runoff increases. Lobsters Today and Conservation: The lobsters biggest predator is humans, who have seen lobster as a luxury food item for years. Lobstering has increased greatly over the last 50 years. According to the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, lobster landings increased from 25 million pounds in the 1940s and 1950s to 88 million pounds in 2005. Lobster populations are considered stable throughout much of New England, but there has been a decrease in catch in Southern New England. References and Further Information ASMFC. 2009. American Lobster. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. Accessed June 21, 2009.Ely, Eleanor. 1998. American Lobster.  Rhode Island Sea Grant Fact Sheet. Accessed June 15, 2009.Idoine, Josef. 2006.The Maine Lobster. Maine Department of Marine Resources. Accessed June 21, 2009.New England Aquarium. 2009. American Lobster. New England Aquarium. Accessed June 15, 2009.The Lobster Conservancy. 2009. The Lobster Conservancy Web Site. Accessed June 21, 2009.University of New Hampshire. 2009. Lobster Research at UNH: Frequently Asked Questions. University of New Hampshire. Accessed June 21, 2009.

The Extent Of The Flood Recorded - 965 Words

The extent of the flood recorded in Genesis 6-8 is of great importance. There are two sides of the debate. One side concludes that the flood was global in extant, while the other view postulates the flood to be local/regional. This paper will not focus on the debate, nor provide a defense of either view. Instead, the focus of this study will be to examine common words (â€Å"earth,† â€Å"all,† and â€Å"flesh,†) to argue that the biblical text cannot sustain a local/regional view of the flood. This conclusion is based on specific words and their usage in context not only in Genesis 6-8, but throughout the Old Testament. Old Testament Word â€Å"Earth† The biblical account of the flood is found in Genesis 6-8. One of the common words that is used in the account of the flood is â€Å"earth.† The Hebrew word for â€Å"earth† is × Ã– ¸Ã– «Ã— ¨Ã– ¶Ã— ¥ (erets) and has a range of meanings including: ground, earth, territory, or country. This is a very common word that is used over two thousand times in the Hebrew Bible. The word can encompass the entire planet as used in Genesis 1:1 which states, â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth (erets).† From the context of this passage, God did not create one piece of land, but created the entire planet (cf. Genesis 2:1, 4; 14:19, 22; 18:18, 25; 22:18). The word â€Å"earth† can also refer to a specific piece of land or territory (Gen. 10:10, 11; 11:28, 31; 13:10; 47:6, 27; 50:8), district, piece of ground, or smaller territories. Considering all the uses of â€Å"earth†Show MoreRelatedEssay about Comparison of Flood Stories596 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Flood Stories There have been numerous flood stories identified from ancient sources throughout the world. The Bible and the Koran both have flood stories that are similar but also share differences. The Epic of Gilgamesh also has a flood myth that is contrary to other flood accounts. 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The third ice age that occurred was the Andean-Saharan it occurred during the Paleozoic from fout hundred and fifty to four hundred and twenty million years ago during the Ordovician and the Silurian period; the maximum extent of glaciation developed in African and Brazil. The forth ice age was the Karoo which occurred from three hundred and sixty to two hundred and sixty years ago during the Phanerozoic Eon. During the Karoo ice age began a long term increase in planetaryRead MoreGlobal Climatic Changes Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesrisen by 1.4 ° F and it is also projected to rise about another 2-13.5 ° F in the coming decades. Large and potentially big shifts in weather and climate might result from small average weather conditions. Lot of places has seen changes in the form of floods, intense rainfall, frequent heat waves, droughts and improper rainfall distribution. These climatic changes left their impact on oceans and glaciers as well. 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In addition, climate change also makes disaster, especially storms, floods, droughts, earthquakes, tsunamis increasing in frequency, intensity and scale. Typically, in recent years, due to climate change should the devastating hurricanes appear more and more big, damaging homes, buildings, crops, claimed the lives of thousands

The 25th of April, Anzac Day The one day of the year that evokes universal emotions in so many people Free Essays

The 25th of April, Anzac Day – The one day of the year that evokes universal emotions in so many people. I am no different as I stand with pride as an Air Force cadet in my perfectly pressed blue uniform, time honored slouch hat, high polished belt buckle and black patent shoes that glisten like ebony in the sun. With a steel grey Styer rifle slung over my shoulder I stand guarding the Forest Lake War Memorial as part of the catafalque party. We will write a custom essay sample on The 25th of April, Anzac Day The one day of the year that evokes universal emotions in so many people or any similar topic only for you Order Now I feel honored to have been chosen along with three other cadets from 224 Squadron at Amberley to silently stand guard at this sacred memorial on Anzac Day 2010. With the blazing mid-morning sun, searing down on the back of my neck I silently plead with God. â€Å"Please don’t let me faint in the heat, like so many have done on previous parades†. All the cadets from 224 SQN have taken bets on who would be the first cadet to collapse in the harsh sun; bets are on Brewell, who is nearly 15 kgs overweight and known to never make it through a bivouac without having to report to the First Aid station at least once. As I stand with my head solemnly bowed, my mind wanders as I stand perfectly still. I think of Granddad, who when he was not much older than me was â€Å"Chasing Japs around the bloody jungle†. This is the only insight I have of Granddad and the war as he seldom talks of it. I catch a quick glimpse of Granddad from the corner of eye as he stands in the massed crowd, at 85 years of age he still stands tall. It is nearly 65 long years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed and the war declared over, yet Granddad has never missed an Anzac Day ceremony. However, he has never marched on this day of remembrance or ever worn his medals, much preferring to blend in with the crowd and remain anonymous. Why he chooses to do this, I don’t know. Although, I strongly suspect it has something to do with the fact that many of his childhood friends from the small country town in Victoria that he grew up in, never returned to Australia from the fighting in New Guinea. Or is it because he is a modest man? As he once said â€Å"You shouldn’t have to be thanked or applauded for doing the right thing†. My mind is brought back to the present, when the silence is pierced by the sounds of â€Å"The Last Post† from the lone bugle and the Wing Commander of the day barking out the command for the flag to be lowered. As the sound of the bugle fades, my mind returns to Granddad. Like a time traveler, I am transported back to another Anzac Day parade when I was about 10 years of age. I am marching with the Moggill Boy Scouts, at the Kenmore parade, once again Granddad blending in with the crowd that throngs the side of the road. After the ceremony, I am walking back up the steep hill beside Granddad, having to take two steps to his one. I ask him why he never marches on Anzac Day and lets me wear his many medals on my right breast. He simply mumbles, â€Å"I have my reasons†. As we approach the bakery, where I know we will stop and he will buy me an ice cold Coke and sticky finger bun with bright pink icing, he turns to me, ruffles my hair and quietly says â€Å"But, you make it all worthwhile†. Suddenly a thunderous roar of an F1 11 resounds approaching from the east and interrupts the speech by Shane Neumann, the local sitting member for the Federal electorate of Blair. I suspect the crowd is rather pleased that this silver winged albatross drowns his lengthy speech out. The F1 11 is now directly overhead and the crowd raises its eyes to see the belly of this huge piece of flying machinery. I wonder why this obsolete aircraft that most countries have phased out years ago still can bring a crowd to a standstill. Is it that, like Anzac Day, people like tradition and want to have a connection with the past I start to gently sway from side to side to try and get a bit of circulation into my body. The temperature must be at least 30 degrees and I have been standing unmoved for nearly an hour. I start to plead with God again not to let me faint. Once again my mind wanders off and I find myself thinking of not only Granddad but of Nana, who is also a returned service woman, and who like Granddad and so many more gave away their youth to serve their country. I think of Nana in the small kitchen of their modest home in Taringa, fussing around making me and all the other grandchildren making morning tea. I find it hard to believe that she could have ever been in the army. Why would someone so quiet and caring like her want to serve during a war? She must have felt it was her duty, for at the time five of her older siblings were in the forces serving overseas. Her father, also being a returned veteran from World War 1, maybe this is why Nana also comes and watches me on Anzac Day. Once again my mind is brought back to the present when the silence is broken by sounds of music that accompanies the wreath laying. As the young and old solemnly walk and place a wreath at the foot of cenotaph, I listen to the words of the chorus of the accompanying song, â€Å"Lest we Forget† Yes, as I stand with the Styer slung over my shoulder, I realise it is those three words â€Å"Lest we Forget† why I am here today. I am here today to thank Nana, Granddad, and everybody else who served in the war, for making such huge sacrifices, to secure our nation’s freedom. I hope that their sacrifices will not be forgotten. As the flag is again raised and the lone bugler plays the Reveille, I look around at the huge crowd, and I know for sure they will all be remembered. How to cite The 25th of April, Anzac Day The one day of the year that evokes universal emotions in so many people, Papers

Career Field description free essay sample

Biomedical engineering is the application of methods and concepts from engineering science and engineering technology to scientific and practical problems of medicine and health care. Biomedical engineers develop and design biomedical devices, systems, and processes. † Biomedical Engineers use the principles of engineering to solve health related and medical problems. They do a great deal of research in union with life scientists, chemists, and medical professionals to design medical devices like artificial hearts, pacemakers, dialysis machines, and surgical lasers. Some perform research on biological and life systems or investigate ways to modernize laboratory and clinical procedures. Frequently, biomedical engineers supervise biomedical equipment maintenance technicians, investigate medical equipment failure, and recommend new equipment for hospitals and install it. A biomedical engineer is responsible for creating new procedures and devices that effectively address health issues. â€Å"In designing products such as artificial organs or prosthetic devices, youll be putting both your engineering and medical skills to use. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Field description or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Designing and building complicated electrical circuits, computer simulations and the software that powers medical equipment is the engineering aspect, while working with and understanding living biological systems is the medical aspect. † As a biomedical engineer, youll combine your knowledge of the life sciences with engineering practices. Some of the devices designed by biomedical engineers include MRI equipment, drug delivery equipment and surgical equipment. Bioengineers also have a hand in the development of artificial organs and prosthetic limbs. Some days might find you training others on how to properly use equipment. A biomedical engineer may work in labs, hospitals, universities and manufacturing facilities. Biomedical engineers may be involved in research and development designing engineering products, or they may be in the hospital setting working with patients to determine the feasibility of a new biomedical device. There are many specialized jobs within the field of biomedical engineering. This includes areas such as bioinstrumentation, biomaterials and biomechanics as well as medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering and orthopedic surgery. For instance, â€Å"a bioengineer specializing in biomechanics works on understanding the underlying mechanisms of human or animal movement. In turn, this information may be used to design a process to minimize the risk of repetitive injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. † This career is very specialized and has many possible career paths.

Credibility of Halal Beef Value Chain in Malaysia and Willingness of Consumers to Pay Premium Prices

Introduction Beef industry in Malaysia has been growing at a slow rate over the last decade. As a result, the country has been unable to meet the demand given the rapid increase in Halal beef consumption. The per capita consumption of Halal beef has increased from 1kg to over 6kg (Mohamed et al. 2008 p. 58).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Credibility of Halal Beef Value Chain in Malaysia and Willingness of Consumers to Pay Premium Prices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The low production of beef has forced the government to import beef from the neighboring nations to meet the ever-growing demand. The low rate of production is mainly attributed to farm inefficiencies, which has also led to high cost of production (Mohamed et al. 2008, p. 59). There are five categories of beef producers in Malaysia, namely: ranch integrators, vast estates, commercial feedlots, and customary agriculturalist. The five categori es differ in animal numbers, a system of management and size of land. They are all involved in the production of both cattle and buffalo beef. The customary agriculturalists are the majority and possess nearly 80 percent of cattle and buffalo farms (Mohamed et al. 2008, p. 60). The ever-increasing demand for Halal beef products and services has had a significant impact on the local beef industry (Yeong-Sheng et al. 2015, p. 43). Since Malaysia is a predominantly Muslim nation, there is a special attachment to Halal products. Muslims abide by the strict dietary rule and are only permitted to eat Halal products. Therefore, Halal is very significant in the country’s food sector, including beef industry (Hamdan et al. 2013, p. 55). In addition, the growing demand for Halal products all over the world means that Halal food sector is no longer an industry that conforms to spiritual necessity, but is turning into an economic force in its own right (Noordin et al. 2009, p. 1). Genera lly, Muslim consumers often have a tendency to buy certified Halal products for a sense of security. For this reason, consumers in Malaysia are more concerned about the quality of Halal products than their prices. Malaysia Department of Islamic Development is the body responsible for Halal accreditation in Malaysia (Yeong-Sheng 2015, p. 5). According to Yeong-Sheng et al., demand for beef in Malaysia is inelastic to expenditure and price, which means consumers are willing to pay premium prices for quality beef products. However, the price elasticity of beef is relatively lower compared to advanced nations due to the general income level (42).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The slow growth of beef industry and its enormous potential provides the rationale for choosing the topic under study. Moreover, businesses are now moving away from consumer-geared approach to value- driven approach to increase profitability and to build brand equity. Brand equity is defined as â€Å"any given brand name that has a specific significance and value to consumers and, therefore, influences future earnings and consumer loyalty (Westberg Pope 2012, p. 3). Beef industry in Malaysia and Concept of Halal and its traceability From the early 1960s to 2010, the individual consumption of beef in Malaysia has grown from 1kg to over 6kg. This is mainly attributed to increase in income and population, as well as the affordability of beef products (Mohamed et al. 2008, p. 58). Since more than 60 percent of the population is Muslims, food items must be prepared using Halal methods. In addition, consumers in Malaysia are increasingly becoming vigilant and conscious of the ingredients in food products and, therefore, are very selective. Some authors attribute this to a high level of literacy and increased concern for food safety, quality, and legitimacy. The global food safety cr isis also prompted Malaysia people to demand transparency in the production of Halal beef products (Hamdan et al. 2013, p. 55). Halal basically refers to food that has no trace of swine or pork and does not cause any harm to the body or physical wellbeing. Pork and Swine are highly forbidden in Islam. In other words, any food can be considered to be Halal as long as it is prepared or processed according to Islamic Shariah law (Lokman 2008, p. 2). The Halal guidelines and procedures are not just limited to Islamic law, but also hygiene and quality regulation. The materials and equipment used must also conform to Islamic law. Additionally, the production process must be observed and regulated by a qualified Muslim inspector. Food products, including beef that has met the Halal standard, are said to be Halal certified (Lokman 2008, p. 3; Hamdan et al. 2013, p. 57). Consumer Purchasing Pattern As already been mentioned, demand for beef in Malaysia is inelastic to expenditure and price, which means consumers are willing to pay premium prices for quality beef products (Yeong-Sheng et al. 2015, p. 42). The concern about the quality and safety of beef products in Malaysia has been aggravated by the recent fraudulent activities and safety incidences, for instance, the traces of pork DNA found in Cadbury chocolates in Malaysia two years ago. For this reason, consumers only purchase products that are certified and have markings and logos (Yeong-Sheng et al. 2015, p. 31).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Credibility of Halal Beef Value Chain in Malaysia and Willingness of Consumers to Pay Premium Prices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The majority of Halal beef consumers trust local butcheries manned by Muslims than supermarkets. This happens despite the fact that meat products are highly regulated in Malaysia. The prices of beef are slightly higher than other meat products because the beef indus try is controlled by cartels. However, the willingness to pay premium prices for Halal beef products depends on consumer income levels. Low-income consumers in Malaysia tend to overvalue low-quality beef, whereas high-income consumers tend to overvalue high-quality beef (Hamdan et al. 2013, p. 60). Malaysia Overview The growth of the beef industry is still slow in Malaysia. However, the industry’s prospects are enormous given the increasing demand for Halal beef both locally and globally. This provides the rationale for choosing the topic under study. In addition, Halal beef consumers in Malaysia still have trust issues with their supply and value chain system. As a result, the majority of them only buy beef products from local butcheries and shops instead of supermarkets. This because consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of beef products than prices. They are even more willing to pay premium prices for Halal accredited products (Yeong-Sheng 2015, p. 42; Hamdan et al. 2013, p. 60). Therefore, the case study will contribute to the body of knowledge aimed at improving the country’s Halal beef supply and value chain. Malaysia Halal Beef Industry Value Chain Analysis Value chain basically refers to an array of activities or processes used by businesses to enhance the quality of products. It also refers to a methodical way of splitting business operations and how they add value to the consumers. The main elements of Halal beef value chain are processes, information, and stakeholders (Backer Miroudot 2014, p. 55). The term value chain was first introduced by Porter in 1985. Porter (1985, p.34) defined value chain as organizational activities connected to a company’s competitive position. There has been a considerable shift in Halal beef marketing from client-based approach to value-based approach. The Malaysia government is striving to align the beef supply chain and value chain to enhance consumer experience and satisfacti on. Citizens had started to question the integrity of the existing supply chain due to its complex nature and inability to detect matters of integrity. The susceptibility of the supply chain was also attributed to its size and increasing demand for Halal beef (Mohamad Backhouse 2014, p. 3).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accreditation process ensures that beef products are prepared in accordance with Islamic principles and procedures (Tieman, van der Vost Ghazali 2012, p. 222). The certification process is managed by the Malaysia Department of Islamic Development. Besides, State Islamic Religious Department and Council are also mandated with the responsibility of issuing Halal licenses and logos (Muhammad, Isa Kifli, 2009, p. 54). Critics argue that the challenges facing the Halal accreditation in Malaysia is not with the process, but implementation. The issues affecting the implementation process include operational inefficiencies and governance (Noordin et al. 2009, p. 7). Mapping Halal Beef Industry Value Chain Analysis Value chain rests on the division of various operations and mapping of relations that might create value or costs in the production process. Value chain maps illustrate the industry players and functions. It usually contains a number of elements, which include: input supplie rs, production, processing, wholesale, retail, and consumers. These elements assist in organizing important information regarding the players/actors in the value chain (Backer Miroudot 2014, p. 6). The Halal beef value chain in Malaysia has developed over the past decade into an array of complex components involving different players that include ranch integrators, vast estates, commercial feedlots, and customary agriculturalist. However, the largest share of Halal beef in Malaysia is produced by customary agriculturalists. They account for nearly 80 percent of the total production. They are often found in the countryside where access to market and infrastructure is inadequate. Market and pricing information are unattainable. Earlier attempts to organize smallholder farmers into cooperatives and self-help groups have been futile. Therefore, these players in the value chain are not doing enough to add value to their products (Muhammad, Isa Kifli, 2009, p. 57). The village middlemen , on the other hand, usually gather animals from remote locations and take them to slaughterhouses where they are well fed and watered. The middlemen are autonomous operatives who utilize their local knowledge and social-economic relations to gain access to local markets. Most of them are restricted to certain geographical region due to financial constraints. They frequently distort prices and benefit at the expense of the farmers. In addition, they charge ridiculous fee and add no value. Instead, they add more than 10 percent of the abattoir gate price. In a nutshell, middlemen are not offering much in terms of value addition, yet they extract a fee from the value chain system that can barely sustain the additional cost. Therefore, there is a need to design and implement reliable information dissemination mechanism to enhance trust and collaboration between different players in the value chain (Muhammad, Isa Kifli, 2009, p. 59). Large estates and ranches often have feedlots for fa ttening both young and mature animals. The fattened young animals are basically for the export market, whereas the mature animals are for the local market. The feedlots are always located near the urban areas where there is a ready market. Nevertheless, the cost of operating feedlots has increased significantly, while the earnings from animals have gone down. This is mainly attributed to the inflated cost of inputs (Mohamad Backhouse 2014, p.9). Among the existing slaughterhouses, only 12 are operational. All of them have facilities for goats and sheep. However, facilities for cattle and buffalos are limited. Upon arrival, the animals are taken through a bodily inspection and rested for 72 hours in the holding areas where they are fed and watered. 12 to 24 hours before slaughtering, they are placed in a lairage where they are given water only (Mohamad Backhouse 2014, p.9). At the lairage, they are taken through another examination process. Animals that have passed the test are the n slaughtered using Halal procedures and methodology. The slaughtering process must be observed and regulated by a qualified Muslim inspector. A while later the remains are chilled at – 2 to 2 degrees Celsius for a day. In most occasions, slaughtering is done when a client makes an order (Mohamad Backhouse 2014, p.11). The only processing that takes place is putting the carcasses in stockinet ready for transportation or shipment. All the abattoirs have their own refrigerated trucks for transporting Halal beef products. However, the cold stores are limited. The abattoirs in Malaysia sell both Halal beef and by-products, for instance, blood, organs, and intestines. The sale of by-products helps the slaughterhouses to break even. The main responsibility of the wholesalers is basically picking the Halal beef products from the slaughterhouses and selling them to the retail market. They have limited storage capacity and, therefore, do not hold beef for long. The wholesalers and re tailers grade and repackage the Halal beef products (Muhammad, Isa Kifli, 2009, p. 59). Figure 1: Schematic description of the beef value chain Table 1: Summarizing the Value Chain Mapping Beef Production Processing Distributing Wholesaling Retailing Inputs Commercial feeds and minerals Pesticides Money Ice Packaging Beef Beef Beef Activities Zero grazing and open grazing Feed formulation Purchasing inputs Processing includes slaughtering, handling, preparation, inspection and packaging Distributing beef from slaughterhouses to wholesalers Picking up beef from slaughterhouses and sell products to retail market Most of the whoesalers have limited storage and, therefore, do not hold beef for long. Selling to consumers Outputs Beef cattle or Buffalo Beef Beef Beef Income Actors Ranch integrators, vast estates, commercial feedlots, and customary agriculturalist Abbattoirs Malaysia Department of Islamic Development State Islamic Religious Department and Council Middlemen fr om the villages Wholesalers Retailers, Supermarkets and local butcheries Problems Farm ineficiencies, which has led to high cost of production Poor methods of production Strong role of informal lenders and middlemen that have trapped farmers in poverty Fragmented markets Uncertainty of raw material suppliers Accreditation challenges Lack of adequate fund to modernize the faccilities Trucking facilities without coolants Poor road infrastructure in some areas which increases transportation cost Most wholesalers lack adequate storage facilities and, therefore, can not stock large quantity of beef The industry is controlled by cartels who regulate prices It is difficult to control the entire value chain in order to maintain standard quality and quantity Lack of consumer trust Low-income consumers tend to overvalue low-quality beef, whereas high-income consumers tend to overvalue high-quality beef Short product shelf life Lack of business and management skills Possible solutions Intr oducing scientific production methods Training farmers Providing affordable loans and promoting farmers cooperatives to eliminate the middlemen Establishing adequate buffer stock for raw materials Restructuring the accreditation process and enhancing public awareness Modernizing public abbattoirs Improving the road networks to reduce transportation cost Providing trucks with refrigerated facilities at affordable price Building more warehouses Introducing a stringent law to eliminate the cartels Enhancing the entire value chain to enhance product quality and quantity, which will also deal with the trust issues Providing free or affordable training to traders Recommendation to Improve Halal Beef Industry Value Chain In order to improve the existing value chain and make Malaysia a global Hub for Halal beef, the country should embrace the Western USA (California) model. The model targets five aspects, namely: institutional structures, improved productivity, improving local infrastruc ture, training players in the value chain, and stimulating demand for beef products. Currently, the beef industry in Malaysia is divided and has ineffectual umbrella body, as well as a poor grading system. The country should form a meat board like in the US. The body will oversee the formulation and implementation of a sound regulatory system, facilitate various segments within the value chain, enhance productivity across the value chain, improve credit access for abattoirs and processing companies, improving access to international market; come up with a standard grading system, and advise the government on matters related to beef sector. The government should support the formation of cooperatives and self-help groups. The cooperatives and self-help groups will not only help farmers to access credit facilities, but also market their products. The government should also increase access to loan facilities by providing interest-free loans and subsidized inputs through the cooperatives and self-help groups. In addition, training and public awareness on modern production methods should be carried out through these groups. The training should focus on livestock breeding, animal well-being, feeding and grazing land management, and fiscal management. The local infrastructure can be improved through the following ways: modernizing all the public abattoirs to international standard; improving road network; introducing feedlot facilities to help in fattening young calves and livestock ready for market; strengthening the certification body through adequate staffing and funding; providing cold storage facilities, including trucks and warehouses; and providing livestock scales at local markets among others. Figure 3: Change in the Halal beef Value Chain after the suggested intervention Conclusion Halal beef consumers still have some trust issues with the country’s supply and value chain system. This arose after the recent fraudulent activities and safety incidences , for instance, the traces of pork DNA found in Cadbury chocolates in Malaysia. In order to increase the credibility of Halal beef, each stage in the value chain have to be restructured. This can only be achieved by embracing the Western USA (California) model, which targets five aspects, namely: institutional structures, improved productivity, improving local infrastructure, training players in the value chain, and stimulating demand for Halal beef. References Backer, K Miroudot, S 2014, Mapping Global Value Chains, OECD Publishing, Paris. Hamdan, H, Issa, Z, Abu, N Jussof, K 2013, ‘Purchasing Decisions Among Muslim Consumers of Processed Halal Food Products’, Journal of Food Products Marketing, vol. 19, pp. 54-61. Lokman, A 2008, Shariah and Malaysia Halal Certification System, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Kuala Lumpar, Malysia. Muhammad, M, Isa, F Kifli, B 2009, ‘Positioning Malaysia as Halal-Hub: Integration Role of Supply Chain Strategy and Hala l Assurance System’, Asian Social Sciences, vol.5, no. 7, pp 44-50. Mohamad, N Backhouse, C 2014. ‘A Framework for Development of Hala Food Products in Malaysia’, Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 2-11. Mohamed, Z, Shamsudin, M, Radam, A Serin, T 2008, ‘The efficiency of beef cattle production: A case study in the target area of concentration in Johor, Malaysia’, Economic and Technology Management Review, vol. 3, pp. 57-74. Noordin, N, Noor, NL, Harshim, M Samicho, Z 2009, ‘Value Chain of Halal Certification System: A Case Study of the Malaysian Halal Industry’, European and Mediterranean Conference on Information System, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 1-14. Porter, M 1980, Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Free Press, New York. Tieman, M, van der Vost, J Ghazali, M 2012, ‘Principles in Halal Supply Chain Manage ment’, Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 217-243. Westberg, K Pope, N 2012, ‘Building brand equity with cause-related marketing: A Comparison with sponsorship and sales promotion’, Journal of Marketing Communications, pp.1-19. Yeong-Sheng, J, Shamsudin, M, Mohamed, Z, Abdulla, Z Radam, A 2015, Demand for beef in Malaysia: Quantity or Quality, Sage Publications, London, UK. This case study on Credibility of Halal Beef Value Chain in Malaysia and Willingness of Consumers to Pay Premium Prices was written and submitted by user Matilda B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Human Resource Management in the XXI Century Concerns, Solutions and Opportunities. Articles Analysis

Human Resource Management in the XXI Century Concerns, Solutions and Opportunities. Articles Analysis The beginning of the XXI century happened to be the era of major discoveries in every sphere that is somehow related to business and communication, and human resource management is not an exception. The methods of choosing, evaluating and treating employees have been reconsidered, and new policies of human resource management have been suggested.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Human Resource Management in the XXI Century: Concerns, Solutions and Opportunities. Articles Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the effects of the given changes are yet to be studied, their potential seems rather promising, and their effects appear to be gratifying, which the latest researches show graphically. Despite the difference in the topics of â€Å"Talent Tensions Ahead: A CEO Briefing,† â€Å"Preparing for a New Era of Work† and â€Å"The Evolution of Work: One Company’s Story,† the three articles in question, each of them renders the same issue of the latest policies in HRM and their positive effect, therefore, proving the necessity for new opportunities in HRM to be explored. In â€Å"The Evolution of Work: One Company’s Story,† the physical aspect of employees’ performance and the changes that the XXI century technologies have made to it are considered. To be more exact, the author of the article evaluates the viability of the concept of a virtual workplace (â€Å"The Evolution of Work: One Company’s Story† 1). While the given idea seems rather attractive in that it allows for saving money that would have otherwise been spent on renting the premises, it still poses a range of questions regarding controlling employees. While their performance still remains controllable, their motivation and the effect that the leader has on the staff must turn increasingly low, which will doubtlessly affect the quality of the product. Dobbs , Lund and Madgavkar deal with a similar problem; their article also addresses one of the many issues of HRM in the XXI century, namely, the problem of finding skilled employees (Dobbs, Lund and Madgavkar 1). True, with the influx of migrant labor force has had its effect on the quality of the services, as well as on the rates of unemployment within the state. In addition, it is admittedly hard for an average employee to keep in pace with the progress; as a result, without upgrading his/her skills, an employee is most likely to regress as a professional. The given problem, however, can be solved rather easily by providing the staff with an opportunity to improve their skills by attending specific courses.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, an overview of all major issues that globalization has triggered in the modern business world has been provide d by Lund, Manyika and Ramaswamy. Despite the fact that the authors do not focus on a particular effect specifically, they still clearly put a stronger emphasis on some of the themes discussed in the paper. For example, the issue of communication and its effects is clearly considered one of the top priorities (Lund, Manyika and Ramaswamy 6). However, it seems that modern HRM presupposes a very close observation of employees’ performance and does not provide the staff with the freedom required for being creative and initiative. Although each of the articles in question tackles a specific problem and there is little cohesion between the content of each text, they all concern the problem of human resource management and the related issues. Each of the articles shows that the evolution within the realm of entrepreneurship has triggered a series of changes within other related spheres, including human resource management. As a result, new opportunities in increasing employees†™ productivity and performance rates must be explored. Dobbs, Richard, Susan Lund and Anu Madgavkar. â€Å"Talent Tensions Ahead: A CEO Briefing.† McKinsey Quarterly November 2012: 1–11. Print. Lund, Susan, James Manyika and Sree Ramaswamy. â€Å"Preparing for a New Era of Work.† McKinsey Quarterly November 2012: 1–8. Print.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Human Resource Management in the XXI Century: Concerns, Solutions and Opportunities. Articles Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"The Evolution of Work: One Company’s Story.† McKinsey Quarterly November 2012: 1–5. Print.

Compare and Contrast two cultures Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compare and Contrast two cultures - Case Study Example This does not mean that she is an entirely close-minded person. She is exactly the opposite. She has very clear ways of thinking, expressing herself on general matters and is capable of sticking to her own viewpoint mulishly. Only when it comes to personal and emotional issues, it is almost impossible to get a word from Lisa. Her opinions, when they are mildly expressed, lean more towards prudish and conventional mould. But socially she is known to be a liberal to the point of generosity. She cannot tolerate people suffering socially with any kind of stigma. Her prudishness is mainly applied to herself than to others. In spite of having conventional views, she would never stay behind from helping a person in need, although the individual is suffering from being unconventional and untraditional. She has very healthy points of view when it comes to economic issues. Condemning and discriminating the poor and the deprived could never be tolerated by Lisa. Her political views are unexpect edly refreshing. Her liberal mindedness is extended to politics and she likes to see fairness in all the political issues. She is a just person and does not like people suffer quietly due to injustice. She belongs to the Episcopal Church in the United States and perhaps this is the main draw back, because Lisa conforms to most of its principles. Being somewhere midway between Catholicism and Protestantism, Episcopalian movement has rather unclear issues like supporting both sides of abortion, and homosexuality. This has confused Lisa immensely, even though she tries hard to adhere to the Church. To some extent, Lisa approves the women's equality because the Church has thrived on the issue of women priests. Sometimes, Lisa finds it difficult to apply the Church principles to everyday modern life; but she has the grit and determination to stick to it however difficult it could be. Even though it is the same Christian church, the oddities have entered into different kinds of churches according to the geography in which they are placed. "Christian faith, the system of belief, worship and cultural and religious characteristics which grew up around Jesus, has similarly to assume cultura l and socio-political identities and bear their consequences," Wilkinson (1993, p.5). The fact remains that in addition to the cultural stiffness attributed to the earlier British, Lisa also has the Church rigidity to abide with, and this has resulted in a difficult combination that has made Lisa a stickler kind of a person without much flexibility. This has happened despite her liberal-minded views and even though she is now living in a rather over-liberal society, it only has made Lisa further disapproving. There could be a gender dimension here, because women have always been more God fearing. "Women's stronger attachment to church activity was a major factor underlying their generally higher level of religious identity during the century. Not only did women go to church more than men, but they were usually the critical figures in organizing the rituals marking rites of passage - marriage and baptism," Brown (2006, p.30). 2. In apparent contradiction, David is very different from Lisa, with highly emotional character. He never had any problem in expressing his emotional side, had never been bashful in the display of emotions. If one takes Lisa as one extreme, David would fit to the other extreme without any exaggeration. David is definitely not at all prudish, unlike Lisa. His ideas

Kant's Ethics (essay) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kant's Ethics ( ) - Essay Example But Kant postulated that a person's ethics, his course of action was guided by duty. He argued that a person may misapprehend a situation if he were acting out reason alone and that if he were acting out of experience only then it would be prejudiced if not supported with a proper reason. (Sullivan, 1994) Kant devised a singular moral obligation or categorical imperative which in turn is borne out of duty to explain his postulates. An imperative is a command that forces a person to exercise his will. A hypothetical imperative is a conditional command, that is, a person might be doing something to achieve some desired end. His actions are therefore conditional. Kant argued that morality required an unconditional assertion of a man's duty and hence postulated that reason decrees an unconditional or categorical imperative. The three formulations of Categorical Imperative are What the first formulation achieves to prove is that any deed cannot be moral if it is committed keeping an end result in mind. To establish a good deed the action has to be carried out without keeping the end result in mind. So to act in any situation one must exercise his will in the way he expects others to. The second formulation says that when faced with a moral situation one must think what others would not do in a similar situation. So if naturally no one does it, one must not do the same. The third formulation summarizes the whole of the Kantian moral philosophy by explaining that an act should be conducted under rationality. A rational will can exercise his will morally simply because the person can act without attaching any conditional worth to his actions. (Teale, 1951) He treats humanity not merely as means to an end but the end only. That is he commits an act out of a sense of duty rather than trying to achieve some other hidden propaganda through this deed. Thus he was able to prove that adherence to Categorical Imperatives ensures autonomous ethical choice because rational will is always autonomous and Kant puts rational will at the core of his postulates. This was based on Kant's own arguments for autonomy of the will against heteronomy of the will. He came to the conclusion that when a person acts out of his reasoning as opposed to some external law or command his actions would be more moral. Though the arguments seem plausible one cannot discount the fact that the autonomous will of a person may inherently be negative. What if the will of a person and others around him are also corrupted What can then act as an impulse for the actions of that person Kant seems to; as did Rousseau, believe in the basic goodness of humans. What moral code guides the acts of terrorism as it manifests itself in today's world The killing of innocent lives may be immoral to the larger section of the society but for the terrorists committing these acts may well be borne out of a sense of duty. (Sullivan, 1994) Kant himself answers this question. He argues that a rational will cannot act "except under the idea" of its own freedom. He says that there is no basis for

Unit 2 - Business Resources, Unit 20 - Managing Physical Resources in Coursework

Unit 2 - Business Resources, Unit 20 - Managing Physical Resources in a Business Environment, Unit 16 - Human Resources management in Business - Coursework Example skills, attitude and formalities to work in the conerned company, physical and technological resources of the company and their associated management to improve upon the existing performance, the importance of emplyability, skills and staff retention, sources of external and internal finance and budgetary control, financial state and a discussion on the same and finally calculation and discussion of some important financial ratios along with their limitations. Virgin Atlantic (UK) requires an initial documentation of either a valid EU Passport, or a UK Birth certificate along with a valid NHS Insurance proof or a valid passport with the necessary permits to work in the UK. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012)These documents must be submitted to Virgin Atlantic (UK) even before the selection process has begun. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012)It has to be sent it along with the application for the relevant job opening a candidate is applying to. (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The application involves attaching an updated CV along with a covering letter and the necessary document which validates a candidates eligibility to work in the UK (discussed above). Under no circumstances the person should have any criminal record or any pending criminal case (Virgin Atlantic, 2012) Virgin Atlantic employs approximately 9000 people all over the world in various countries, with roughly 4000 cabin crew and 700 Pilots. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014). The main requirements for working at Virgin Atlantic include: â€Å"intelligence, responsibility, initiative and support† (Virginia Airlines Ltd, n.d.)for a candidates fellow workers, this is irrespective of which field of work the candidate would apply to, whether it be Finance, Marketing, Human Resource or Operations. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014).These requirements enable Virgin Atlantic to identify key personnel and assign them strong roles in order to build on the â€Å"Virgin† brand. (Virgin Atlantic Airlines, 2014) Virgin requires all its

History of Art: Classical to Minimalism

History of Art: Classical to Minimalism 18th Century Neo Classical Neo classical art was the name given to the art, architecture sculpture that began emerging in the mid eighteenth century in Europe, it was the new age interpretation of classical art, taking its inspiration from stories and great works of art of the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Johann Joachim Winkelmanns work The History of Ancient Art was one of the major inspirations for the rise of the neoclassical movement. Simplicity and symmetry are the stand out characteristics of the work done in this movement. Some of the famous artists include Pannini, Benjamin West and Jacques Louis David. The design is kept austere and linear and is much more accurate in its depiction of the ancient times. This was also driven by the recent excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii by Winkelmann. Winkelmann himself was a great admirer of the ancient civilizations and inspired artists to follow their style of art stating it contains a noble simplicity and a quiet grandeur he believed that the Greeks artists came as close to perfection as possible and by following them current artists could come close to an idealized depictions of natural form which has been stripped of transitory and individualistic aspects. One work or art which comes to fore as a true depiction of all that Neoclassical work stands for is, Oedipus and the Sphinx, by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, painted in 1808 and reworked at in 1826 when it was finally completed. It is the depiction a scene from the Greek play Sophocles where Oedipus, is stopped in his tracks by a sphinx, who asks him a riddle, on answering correctly Oedipus won the kingdom of Thebes and a wife. The work is Oil on canvas. As is typical of that period the design is kept austere and linear. Oedipuss stance can be captured perfectly in horizontal and vertical lines, a typical neoclassical characteristic that uses balance and line to highlight beauty and harmony. Another striking feature is imperfectness of Oedipus which makes him a perfect depiction of human form as we all carry our imperfections in line with what Winkelmann said. The simplicity of the art can also be viewed as shedding the excesses of the Rocco movement. As this form emerged during the French Political and the English Industrial movement, it gives the impression of leaving behind frivolity and heading towards depicting a more serious form of human nature and philosophy. 19th Century Impressionistic Rebellious, vibrant, vivid are a few words that come to mind when discussing impressionistic art. Beginning in the mid nineteenth artists such as Degas, Morisot and Monet, began to break the norm of academic painting, by giving up on the detailed stillness of the academic painting and bringing in the restlessness of the world around us into art. The name impressionistic was coined from the inspiration behind the art, which is as the human eye sees it. Impressionist artists tried to capture movement as best as they could, for which they employed light as their favorite element, with different angles of accentuating light being used to depict movement in place and time. This was done with the help of free and short brush strokes of called broken strokes, colors were unmixed giving vibrancy to the design. The difference between impressionistic art and the art before it can be captured by looking at a tree outside the window, if we observe the tree closely we observe minute details and i f we look at it fleetingly we get a different impression. Thus the earlier art aimed to capture every details of the tree, impressionistic art would capture the tree as we will see it if we just casually look up while walking past it, a little hazy, a little blurred, swaying with the wind, with the light making the same green look like a million different colors. One of the most famous artists of this era was Claude Monet and his most famous work Soleil Levant or Sunrise, painted in 1872, oil on canvas. It is probably the work of art that gave rise to the term Impressionistic as it was described the impression of the harbor as Money saw it from the window. Another special feature of this work is the use of color makes the setting sun look more vibrant than the rest of the sky, but that is just the perception of the human eye, as a black and white copy of the painting proves that the sun just disappears into the sky, capturing the nature perfectly. 20th Century Surrealism As depicted by the name, Surrealism aims to blur the lines between dreams and reality. The main characteristics of this form of art are that the concepts and scenes chosen were illogical and strange to the point of being shocking in many cases, but they were drawn with photographic precision, such that they seemed to be picked out of some unnerving alternate reality. Elements used were surprise, drawing something so far removed from the viewers imagination such that oddity would drive them in, this was achieved in many cases by juxtaposing reality and fiction, good and evil, truth and falsehood and sometimes by breaking the sequence of actions that we automatically assume would follow a certain pattern. Surrealism was also believed to be inspired from the Dada movement which began in Europe after World war I. It was led by Parisian artists, still fresh from the horrors of The Great war attempting to leave reality behind, driven by the belief that bourgeois rationality in thought movement and action had brought the war upon them One of the more controversial artists of the movement was Andre Masson, for he used a technique viewed with skepticism by many, Auto- drawing or automatic drawing, he would go for days without food and water and use drugs to put himself in a trance like state do that the work of art is truly drawn from point in the mind between dreams and consciousness. This can be very clearly seen from his work also called Automatic Drawing, drawn in 1924, ink on paper, the vivid eyes seem to belong to creatures from some dreamlike state and curvy lines seem like an attempt to five them human form Late 20th Century Minimalist This form art was one of the very few that began by finding its footing in post-World War II America, often seen as an reaction to Abstract Expressionist art of the previous decade, minimalist art as suggested by the name aims to shed all the excesses carried by the design to bring out the true form. This can also be viewed as a reaction to modernism, that encourages society to shed it excesses or it can also be called as a reductionist form of art. Another way to understand it is that the art aims to expose the essence and it does by slowly removing all the non-essential forms incumbent upon the form. Many designs are depicted by geometric patterns where the edges are thin and sharp, and colors have not been used in modulation. This work of art is almost always the artists perception, derived from a personal experience, it need not follow any mathematical or lyrical sequence, and it is an attempt to present what is exactly as it is, as seen by the eyes of the artist Frank Stella was one of the earliest artists to take up the minimalistic form, her work Die Fahn Hoch! Painted in 1959, enamel on canvas is regarded as a forerunner of minimalist art. The painting on the outset seems like a simple collection of lines, it brings out many hidden meanings and interpretations on closer inspection. Another feature of this and many other paintings by Stella is that the title chosen would be ringing with emotions of temper and hatred like Die Fahn Hoch which is eerily similar to the Nazi title. By using such emotive titles for her simplistic interpretations, Stella lets irony do the talking. Though each form of art chosen above, on its own has broken the norm of the current age, Impressionistic art seems to be the most intriguing. It broke the norm of the day by bringing out, that the only purpose of art is not depiction of form, painting can be truly emotive and intriguing if perceptions and personal views are made to play a part in the final outcome, in many ways Impressionist Art laid the foundation for many other styles to come

Shakespeares Hamlet Essay: Who is Gertrude? -- GCSE Coursework Shakes

Hamlet –Who is Gertrude?  Ã‚        Ã‚   This essay intends to explore Gertrude’s situation in the play in an attempt to answer many questions about her, the queen, wife of Claudius and former wife of his deceased brother, King Hamlet.    Back in 1883 Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Lectures and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets comments on what he interprets as a problem or inconsistency in the presentation of the character Gertrude in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ham. A bloody deed;- almost as bad, good mother,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As kill a king, and marry with his brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Queen. As kill a king?    I confess that Shakspere has left the character of the Queen in an unpleasant perplexity. Was she, or was she not, conscious of the fratricide? (364-365)    Remember that the ghost does tell Hamlet not to prosecute the queen, but only Claudius. So she would seem to be innocent of the murder.    At the outset of the drama, Hamlet’s mother is apparently disturbed by her son’s appearance in solemn black at the gathering of the court, and she requests of him:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted colour off,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do not for ever with thy vailed lids   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seek for thy noble father in the dust:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thou know'st 'tis common; all that lives must die,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Passing through nature to eternity. (1.2)    The queen obviously considers her son’s dejection to result from his father’s demise. She joins the king in asking Hamlet to stay in Elsinore rather than returning to Wittenberg. Respectfully the prince replies, â€Å"I shall in all my best obey you, madam.† So at the outset the audience notes a decidedly good relation... ...zine, 285:2011 (July 1898), 33-41. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Eds Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts. New York: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Burton, Philip. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Sole Voice. New York: The Dial Press, 1970. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/burton-hamlet.htm    Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Lectures and Notes on Shakspere and Other English Poets. London : George Bell and Sons, 1904. p. 342-368. http://ds.dial.pipex.com/thomas_larque/ham1-col.htm    Jorgensen, Paul A. â€Å"Hamlet.† William Shakespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publ., 1985. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/jorg-hamlet.html    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.